INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING

INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING

  MEANING AND IMPORTANCE

The word planning means the act of formulating a programe a definite course of action .It is the process of organizing resources for the attainment of a choosen goal.planning implies making decisions for future action with a view to achieve the predetermined objective through the optimum use of available resources.

THE CONCEPT OF INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING

               The term institutional planning refers to the process of allocation the available resources of an institution to attain educational improvement.it is often divided into three areas:academic planning ; fiscal and resource planning;and campus and facilities planning.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING

                  Institutional planning is a milestone in the journey towards the improvement of education.It play a pivotal role in mapping the way forward and in allocating the appropriate resources to do so. It remains the nerve centre for the institution as it provides feedback on performance and the need for changes designed to achieve greater efficiency and effectivess in teaching-learning activity.since the needs and conditions vary from school to school,any improvement in the standards of education necessitate school level planning. Institutional planning is a need because of the following reasons:

1.Institutional planning is necessary to ensure success of the educational enterprise.

2.It help in giving aproper direction to educational planning in the country.

3.It leads to optimum utilization of existing resources by reducting wastage at every stage of educational planning.

4.It encourage initiative of the individual teacher,which in turn promote his insight into the needs and foresight about the developmental prospects of the school.

5.It accelerate team work among teachers,and develops co-operations of working amongst teachers,students and community.

6.Institutional planning will enable the teacher to experiment with new ideas and not to be a slave of routine.

7.It will give the teacher freedom to become a better teacher.

8.Planning for each institution brings an appreciation of the felt needs of the community and an awareness of the difficulties and problems at the operational level.

9.Institutional planning democratizes the process to planning.

10.planning at institutional level is needed to encourage initiative freedom and creativity of the individual teacher and make the individual teacher effective.

SRUTHI.S

SOCIAL SCIENCE

              

Teaching Manual Student profile , Cumulative record, SERVICE BOOK

Teaching Manual Student profile , Cumulative record, SERVICE BOOK

TEACHING MANUAL

For attaining the curriculum objectives by utilizing textbooks, teachers handbook, other books and situations teachers has to make an idea about how he will create learning situations within the available time. The planning note for one day basing on this known as Teaching manual.

          Planning is very important for the effective classroom transaction, it help the teachers to design and develop various classroom activities processes. There are two level of planning unit plan & daily plan. Unit plan is pedagogic analysis of a particular unit where as daily plan is the plan for classroom processes for each day.

          The concept of teaching manual has got certain changes in the new transitional period. Teaching manual was prepared for a specific period. Teaching manual was prepared for a specific period  i e for forty five minutes until recently. But the new trends do not insist on the time demarcation where as it recommends to plan for an entire unit. So as to have a total vision of a particular unit. It many sometimes resemble to pedagogic analysis. There shall be two columns in the TM as process page & response page individual response are noticed in the case of outstanding responses & below average responses activities administered by the teacher need to be assessed in the response page so as to change strategies in the learning environment.

STUDENT PROFILE

The students profile that includes demographic information  such as the students name, the school he is presently attending, what grade is in the general education settings and whether or not  he receives support in the general education setting from special education teachers. If he students is new to the school, you could also include a sentence stating where he is transferring from..

          Write a photograph describing the strengths and needs of the students. This paragraph should describe what the student does well, and it does not need to be limited to academics. If the child has good support with teachers with or gets along well the peers, it is appropriate to mention that in the paragraph. The needs statement should address academic deficits as well as physical or mental limitations that make it difficult for the student to participate fully in the educational process.

List current test data results including the names of the assessments, the data the assessments were given & the student’s scores. Also, list the students current grade in each academic class.

          Write a paragraph describing progress toward annual goals mastery and present level of performance. This final paragraph should also include any comments or concerns expressed by the student, his teachers or his parents.

CUMULATIVE RECORD

A un cumulative record card is that which contains the result of  different assessments  and judgments held from time to time during the courses of study of a student. A cumulative record is an account of the child  history in the school. It begins as soon as the child enters the school and continuous  till he leaves the school for good. Generally it covers three consecutive years. It contains information regarding all aspects of the life of the child -  physical, mental, social, moral and psychological . It seeks to give as comprehensive a picture as possible of the personality of a child. “ periodically the significant information gathered on students through the use of various techniques tests, inventories, questionnaires, observations, interview case study, case conferences and the like should be assembled in summery from & the like should be the assembled in summery from on a cumulative record writes janewarters .

SERVICE BOOK

A service book should be maintained by the head of office for every Government servant holding a subtractive post on a permanent establishment of officiating in a post or holding a temporary  post likely to last for more than one year.

CUSTODY OF SERVICE BOOK

A service book shall be maintained for a Government servant from the data of his first appointment to Government service. It must be kept in the custody of the head of the office in which he is serving & transferred with him from office to office.

ATTESTATION OF ENTRIES IN SERVICE BOOK

The head of office can delegate, to a subordinate gozetted officer under him, power is to attest  in the service book of all gozetted officers for the maintenance of which he is responsible.

ENTRIES OF  FOREIGN SERVICE IN SERVICE BOOK

If a government servant is transferred to foreign service book to the pay & Accounts Officer who will returns it after noting in it, under his signature, the order sanctioning the transfer, the effect of the transfer in regard to leave admissible during Foreign service etc.

NATURE OF ENTRIES IN SERVICE BOOK

          Every step in a Government Servants official life should be recorded in his service book and each entry must be attested by the head of officer or if the himself is the head of office, by his immediate superior.

Sreena.T.S

SocialScience

Duties and responsibility of H.M

Duties and responsibility of H.M

A headmaster as the educational supreme authority holds the key position in a school.to become an important person of the school. He has two major responsibilities [1] administration of the school and [2] personal supervision of the teaching-learning process. Everything of the school, thestaff, thecurriculum, methods and techniques of teaching,co-curricular activitiesetc. is organized by him.

                      The efficiency of the school depend on the ability skill personality, professional experience of the headmaster. He is the sun around which the education planet are being spinning. According to P.C when “what the main spring is to watch, the flywheel to the machine or the engine to the steamship, the headmaster to the school.

The school character reflects and proclaims the professional skill of a headmaster. He is the seal and the school is the wax. He is an organizer, leader, governor, business director, coordinator, superintendent, idealteacher, guardians teaching and non-teaching staff.

The school headmaster has so many duties and responsibilities to be carried out for the smooth and efficient functioning of the school some of his duties are listed.

[1] Organizational and administrativeduties: to hold the periodic staff meetings to discuss important matters concerned with the school and to take decisions, delegate duties and works to staff members and execute school programs. He has to be in touch with the educational department and carry out the duties assigned by the government from time to time.

[2] Maintenance of school building and infrastructure.

[3]arranging academic authorities and co-curricular activities :the headmaster  should complete schools admission for the commencement of the academic year, supervise the works of teachers, arrange final exams, complete the progress  records and cumulative records of the students ,arrange the announcement of result and issue of school leaving certificates and prepare annual report of this school

4. Office works:-prepare school records, supervise the works of administrative staff, frame school time table and purchase necessary stationary items books and equipment for the school.

5. Maintainingdiscipline

6. Institutional Planning

7. Teaching

8. Maintaing good relation

9. Supervision

10. Guidance

11. To bring about in the curriculum and the method of Institution

Qualities of Headmaster

(a) Sound and educational Philosophy : a good headmaster should have a Sound Philosophy of a life…from this he evolves  a sound philosophy of sound education all school plans, policies and methods organize from this philosophy

(b)       High scholarship: the headmaster, it he is to command the respect of his colleagues and the community, should be a man of high scholarship. HC must be there headmaster not by appointed but by his superior ability and character. He should not only know his own subject of specifications, but also the latest trend and ides in other subjects

(c)        Professional training: Only a highly trained headmaster can show the way in techniques in teaching, he must study educational journals and latest book on education. He should participate in educational seminars and workshops, HC must have a progressive at look

(d)       Expert in human relationship: the headmaster had to deal with teachers, peoples and their parents. He should recognize the good work done by all of them. He should be an expert in human relation ship

(e)       Sound physical and mental health: the headmaster has to exert himself all through the day. Hence he should try to maintain both physical and mental health he must guard himself organ of any frustration. Intelligent planning and bud getting will receive him of several worries.

(f)Qualities of personality: the headmaster possess all the qualities of a good leader. He should be industrious, honest, dedicated and impartial. He must have a good sense of humor. Lofty sense of duty, broad sympathy, sound judgment power of insight, love of work, originality, initiative, self-control, organizing ability, firmness and purity of character should be the hall mark of a good headmaster

The head of an educational institutional is responsible for the harmonious development of the institution as a whole. He sets the tone and standard of the institution. He has to coordinate and integrate all factors that affect the general conditions required for carrying out the out the educational process. The head of the institution is the leader of a group, the members of which are expected to be working together to accomplish the same purpose. He should be the aware of his role and responsibilities. The head of the institution should be prompted and punctual in playing his roles as an organizer, as supervisor, as a teacher, as a leader, as an administrator as a coordinator.

(a)           As an organizer: the head of the institution must systematically organize the routine work of the institution

(b) As a supervisor: supervision should be comprehensive. Its scope covers all the activities of the schools.

(c)  As a teacher: one of the most important functions that the head of the institutions is called to discharge curtail teaching

(d) As a leader: to be successful head of an institutional one should become an effective leader

(e) As an administrator: administration is a very complex process which involves planning, programming, organizing, staffing, training, controlling, implementing, monitoring, evaluation etc...

(f)   As a coordinator: the head of the institution has to keep his finger on and feel the pulse of the work to ascertain the strength and weakness of each teacher of his school.

Five Key Responsibilities

·       Shaping a vision of academic success for all students

·       Creating a climate hospitable to education

·       Cultivating leadership in others

·       A profile in leadership

·       Managing people, data  and processes

·       Improving school leadership

Headmaster Help set goals for their schools that align with federal state parent expectations this includes proficiency on standardized tests as all levels in high schools, graduate rule and average test scores on college placements test like the ACT and SAT are also goals

 Principle play a role in the student discipline in their schools this includes educating students, and open parents on behavioral conduct codes. Principle also develop a system of consequences for miss behavioral that is in line with school distract policies and may include detentions and suspension. In some schools, the principal also plays a lead role in implementing discipline. If a student gets into troubles in a class, he is sent to the principal office. The principal discuss the behavior, explains any potential consequences and contacts parents in some circumstances. In extreme cases of violence or illegal activities, the principal may refer a student to the school board or possible expulsion.

SANOOJ

SOCIAL SCIENCE

THE IMPORTANCE OF ESSENTIAL RECORDS

THE IMPORTANCE OF ESSENTIAL RECORDS

General Records

School  Calender : The School  calendar is mirror  where the proble dates of various events and activities to be done during the coming session are reflected . It is usually prepared at the beginning of each academic session. It should contain the following stems of information .

I.       Information about the general, local and gazette holidays

II.    Dates for the submission of monthly, quarterly, holidays and annual reports and returns

III.  Dates of monthly, quarterly and annual examinations

IV . Dates of the meetings of the school and faculty committees, Teachers                                                  associations, different societies, school excursions and educational tours,     school tournaments ctc….

V.       Dates of  important school information like the annual prize day, the parents day, Independence day, Republic day, Birthday.

Log Book : The Log book is specifically designed for the purpose  of containing remarks of the school inspectors or other important officers of the education department, who pay an official visit to the school. But it should not be confined to the remarks of the inspecting officers only. It should contain a complete record of the important events that occur during the session. It should also contain the history of the school of the of a particular year.

Visitors book : During the course of an academic year, a number of important visitors, Inspectors and other guests pay visits to the school. Their opinions and suggestions may be very helpful for improving the working of the institution in future. A look in to the visitors book tells a great deal about an institution

Service Registers : The Service book contains the service history of the employees. Information like the employee’s date of appointment, his date of birth, educational qualifications, identification, permanent home address, transfer, leave accounts, date of increments, reversion if any of reinstatement etc… are carefully written in this book . The original service book is kept in the custody of the headmaster in the secondary school.

Admission Registers : It is record of all the pupils who are admitted to a school. According to departmental rules, the admission register is to be reserved permanently in the school . Therefore, it is essential that it should be got specially bound and kept in safe custody. It is to be free from mistakes because this register is at time required by superior authorities in a court  of law is an evidence for  the date of birth of the pupils. The admission register should contain the following items

1.     The serial number and name of the pupil

2.     His fathers name, caste, occupation and address

3.     His date of birth

4.     Date of admission to the school

5.     The class which he is admitted

6.     Date of withdrawal of migration from the school

FINANCIAL  Records

Fee- Collection Registers : When Pupils pay fee, details of the payment entered in a register and a receipt issured to tha effect. The Fees are handled over to the office in time . Fee concessions and scholarships are also sometimes granted  to pupils. Records for them also have to be maintained.

Educational Records

Pupils attendance register : Attendance register sis a very reliable prof of a pupils presence in the institution. The teacher should therefore maintain this record very carefully and should not allow anybody to handle or deal with this important basic document . The teacher’s attendance register also should be handled by the head of the institution very carefully.

Teacher’s attendance registers : To record  the daily attendance   of the teachers, schools maintain the teacher’s attendance register. This shows the time of arrival and  departure of  the teachers on each day the teachers are to sign  regularly in the for noon and afternoon every day. Time of arrival of the late comers should be indicated leave  taken by (he teachers during the should be kept outside the room of the head masters. When the first period starts. It should go to the  headmaster for verification.

Class timetable & General Timetable :- the  teacher should learn the process of contracting a class timetable , teacher’s timetable and master timetable are drawn in most of the schools. Timetable can also be made for sports and games, homework etc……..

Monthly progress registers : After every examinations detailed report about the progress of a student is sent to the parents. In some schools, this is done through pupils diaries. This arrangement serves as a link between the school and the home, and the childs progress is thus properly watched by all concerned.

Terminal Examination registers : After examination the marks and progress of the pupil are not in a register. Examination registers in very important documents. The board of examination concerned depends on the entries made in these records. The class teachers should exercise great care in entering the marks. They should take the help of their colleagues in comparing and verifying the marks. The signature of the headmaster should also be obtained in this register after every examination.

Headmaster’s supervision registers :- Super vision and administration are two combined functions which are mostly blended in one supervision is improving the total teaching learning situation. This situation is no more “detection or fault finding”. A headmaster should follow the following principles of supervision.

·        Its purpose is to help, encourage and guide rather than criticize.

·        It should be done in a spirit of occupation.

·        It should be done regularly and effectively.

·        Partiality and prejudice should find no place in it.

·        The criteria of supervision should be known to teachers.

Cumulative records :- A cumulative records is a document in which the relevant information about a particular students at  one educational institution is recorded cumulatively. This gives a complete and growing picture of the individual students, which helps him during his long stay at the school and at the time of living it, in the solution of his manifold problems of educational, vocational, personal and social. It follows the pupil from class to class and from school.

Equipment records

Stock book of furniture and school appliances :- This register keeps information of all the movable properly of the school while purchasing equipment or furniture it must be duly entered in this properly register. The it must be duly entered in this property register. The head  of the institution should check this register . The head of the institution should check this register Physically at least once in a year verification report should be recorded in the stock register. It can show which a sticles are missing and which need immediate repairs the register should contain the following information.

Stock and issue register of sports material :- In a school, Various articles are purchased. Furniture, stationery, books, science- equipment, sports material etc. are some  of the main items. It is very important to maintain stock registers for these articles in order to keep a check on their use.

Account Books

Cash book for daily receipt and expenditure :  Cash book is a record of all money transaction accruing from day to day in the school money received by the school from different sources like fees, fines, donation, stipends, scholarship, grant-in aid are entered on the credit side 

SOUMYA.K.R

SOCIAL SCIENCE